Category: Historical Republicanism
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Thomas Jefferson’s Enlightenment Republicanism against Illuminati Panic: Letter on Weishaupt’s Perfectibilist Ideal
An analysis and historical context surrounding Thomas Jefferson’s private correspondence to Bishop James Madison (president of the College of William & Mary and cousin of future President James Madison) in defense of Adam Weishaupt’s ideals written from Philadelphia on 31 January 1800 against Abbé Barruel’s Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism. Occurring during the height…
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Bruno Leipold on Influence of Republicanism on Marx in Citizen Marx: Section I and II
SECTION I An analysis of Bruno Leipold’s Citizen Marx: Republicanism and the Formation of Karl Marx’s Social and Political Thought and important differences from The American Minervan on Republicanism. Citizen Marx: The Relationship Between Karl Marx and Republicanism was the PhD Thesis of Bruno Leipold adapted into a book. I value and commend the work…
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Critique of Arnaud Bertrand’s “The Civilization that Never needed God”
Bertrand’s narrative attributes Europe’s secular turn largely to a linear transmission from Zhou dynasty ideas through Jesuits to Voltaire, framing it as the “single decision that most shaped China’s destiny” and by extension, the world’s. However, republicanism’s origins lie in a grand eclectic tradition, including Pre-Socratic sages, Stoicism, Cicero’s republic, and Petrarch’s revival of letters,…
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Open Letter: Every Citizen is the Salvation of the Republic
The sharpest critics of American white supremacy fluently spoke the civic-republican language, whether we bring to mind David Walker critique of our once “slaveholding republic” that betrayed republican principles; Frederick Douglass’s speeches on “composite nationality” and the Roman-republican ideal of civic membership; Martin Delany’s neo-Roman republicanism; the Haitian Revolution’s liberty against domination; or even twentieth-century…
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Flames of Illumination: Dialogue on Zoroastrian Martialism, Weishaupt’s Pedagogy, and Suhrawardi’s Ishraq
The Meaning OF Illuminati and WEISHAUPT’S IdeaS ON ENLIGHTENMENT REASON AND MORAL ORDER There are solely two relations or meanings to the term ILLUMINATI we permit as authentic: Although, it can be said, that the Illuminati got their name from European sources, and not directly from Zoroastrianism or Manichean dualism, this is a surface-level understanding…
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Giuseppi Mazzini’s Political Theology on the Origin of Revolution
A rejection of the Marxist or materialist view that economic conditions drive history has been one of the most consistent aspects in my writings and views shared among colleagues who adopt the materialist view for many years. Revolutions indeed have their origin in the human mind and its guiding principles. A true revolution is not…
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Threat to the Humanities, the Right’s Identity and the Limits of American Civilization
MODERN CRITICISMS OF THE HUMANITIES THREATEN REPUBLICAN TRADITION Americans often have ideas of how our society should be structured without really understanding the roots of the ideas that our thinking brings out. Political slogans and speeches are often in memorialized moments using the terminology every American citizen kind of understands without having to think too…
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The Contributions of Black American Classicists against Racism
Beyond the well-known figures like Phillis Wheatley and Frederick Douglass mentioned in the Introduction to Five Early Figures, a generation of Black American classicists emerged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, often born into slavery or its immediate aftermath. These scholars mastered Greek and Latin to refute racial inferiority claims and assert our…
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Classical Republicanism and Stoicism refutes Racial Hierarchies
Classical Republicanism, as articulated in ancient Greek and Roman political philosophy emphasizes the pursuit of the common good for the CIVITAS through civic virtue, balanced governance, and participation in public life, without grounding these ideals in biological or racial hierarchies as understood in modern terms. Far from being inherently racist, its foundational texts reveal a…
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Simple Points on Republicanism and Liberal Democracy
It is very important to explain the historical and ideological context of the U.S. system. The U.S. system was not designed as a strict Roman versus English versus Athenian system. It is a mixed system. You may ask, what is really the difference here. Many people might still not understand. SIMPLE POINTS ON REPUBLICANISM TO…
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How Lenin and Bolshevism displaced Civic Republicanism with Socialism in Black Radicalism
After 1917, the global meaning of “REVOLUTION” was successfully seized by Lenin, the Bolsheviks, and their descendants. CIVIC REPUBLICANISM did not disappear because it was defeated in open ideological combat. It was crowded out by a louder, better-funded, more institutionally disciplined international movement that claimed the entire moral and linguistic territory of “revolution,” “liberation,” and…
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Civic Republicanism in the Haitian Revolution: Toussaint Louverture and His Influence on John Brown
There is nothing I write about unconnected or unrelated to my life and studies in my personal life. Within the digital space of my work, I am working on, e.g., a comparative analysis between John Brown, Giuseppi Mazzini, Henry Steel Olcott and Helena P. Blavatsky on the approach, strategy and issues (even flaws) of adherence…
The American Minervan 